When KEYOPT(3) = 0 (linear, default), BEAM188 is based on KEYOPT(1) = 1, bimoment and bicurvature are output. With the warping degree of freedom activated,Įach node has seven degrees of freedom: UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ, and WARP. You can activate the warpingĭegree of freedom by using KEYOPT(1) = 1. Is small enough that it can be neglected (KEYOPT(1) = 0). By default,īEAM188 elements assume that the warping of a cross-section Making available a seventh degree of freedom at each beam node. Use solid elements if such effects must beīEAM188 supports “restrained warping” analysis by Variation in distribution of shear stresses. You can override default values of transverse-shearīEAM188 does not use higher-order theories to account for The element supports an elastic relationship between transverse-shear forces and Added mass, hydrodynamic added mass and loading, and buoyantįor more detailed information about this element, see BEAM188 - 3-D 2-Node Beam in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference. AĬross-section associated with this element type can be a built-up section referencing Lateral, and torsional stability problems (using eigenvalue buckling, or collapse studies with arc length methods or nonlinearĮlasticity, plasticity, creep and other nonlinear material models are supported. The provided stress-stiffness terms enable the elements to analyze flexural, The element includes stress stiffness terms, by default, in any analysis with largeĭeflection.
Rotation, and/or large strain nonlinear applications. This element is well-suited for linear, large A seventh degree ofįreedom (warping magnitude) is optional. These include translations in the x, y,Īnd z directions and rotations about the x, y, and z directions. Six or seven degrees of freedom at each node. The element is a linear, quadratic, or cubic two-node beam element in 3-D. Warping and restrained warping of cross-sections. The element provides options for unrestrained The element is based on Timoshenko beam theory which BEAM188 is suitable for analyzing slender to moderately
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